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With the increase of consumption of plastics in the whole world, waste plastics have become an environmental problem because of recycling limitations and their resistance to natural decomposition. A great deal of research has been done over the last two decades on recycling methods to deal with this huge amount of wastes in an economical and ecological way.
There are four main routes for plastic waste disposal: landfill, mechanical recycling, incineration and feed-stock recycling processes. The latter are also known as gasification, pyrolysis and thermolysis processes. The pyrolysis, which could recover not just the energy but also the chemical value contained within the waste plastics, is a method where heat is applied to the waste plastics in an inert environment to break the polymers into smaller molecules. The smaller molecules may then be blended into refinery streams for the production of fuels. In addition, these smaller molecules could be separated and refined into more specialized chemical feed-stocks [1]. |
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| 목차 |
I. Introduction
II. Theory
2.1. Fundamentals of Microwaves
2.1.1. Simple Introduction
2.1.2. Microwave Heating Mechanism
2.1.3 Microwave Heating & Conventional Heating
2.2. Motor Oil Performance
2.3 Thermal Processing of Polystyrene
2.3.1. Styrene
2.3.2. Toluene
2.3.3 1-Methyl Styrene
2.3.4 Ethyl Benzene
III. Experimental
3.1. Feed Pre-treatment
3.2. Reactor Set-up
3.3. Experimental Run
3.4. Product Analysis
VI. Results and Discussion
4.1. Silicon Carbide and Motor Oil Amount
4.2. Microwave power and time effects on distillate amount
4.3. GC-MS products analysis
Ⅴ. Conclusions
Ⅵ. References
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| 본문내용 |
2.1.1 Simple Introduction
Figure 1. Microwave spectrum
Microwaves (0.3GHz-300GHz), with relatively large wavelengths (1mm-1m), lie in the electromagnetic radiation region between radio wave (Rf) and infrared (IR) frequencies. Microwave energy, just like ultraviolet energy, visible light, and infrared radiation, is a form of electromagnetic energy. This non-ionizing radiation energy form, is incapable of breaking bonds but manifest as heat through its interaction with the medium or materials wherein they can be transmitted, reflected or absorbed [5]. Figure 2. gives a clear view on these properties[6]. Examples of materials that are good absorbers of 2450 MHz microwave energy include water, alcohols, certain carbons, and silicon carbide. Materials that are poor absorbers of 2450 MHz energy include ceramics, teflon, and quartz. Nearly all metals will reflect microwaves.
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| 참고자료 |
1. C. Ludlow-Palafox, H. A. Chase, Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes Using a Microwave Induced Pyrolysis Process, 6th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, 2001.
2. Guffey, F. D., P. A. Holper, and D. E. Hunter. Summary of Laboratory Simulation Studies of the ROPETE Process. DOE Report. West. Res. Inst. : Laramie, WY. USA, 1991.
3. Inomata, Osamer, Hiroshi Ando, Toshiji Abe, Sadao Matsuzawa, and Yukio Shimizu. “Decomposition of Plastic Wastes. Ⅱ. Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes by the Solvent method” Nenryo Kyokaishi (Japan). 53(568) .pp. 715-725, 1974.
4. John A. Marsh, Thermal Processing of Waste Polystyrene in Waste Motor Oil, 1993.
5. Rajender S. Varma, Advances in Green Chemistry: Chemical Synthesis Using Microwave Irradiation, 2002
6. Sasikala Challa, Dielectric Properties of Carbon Adsorbents and Design of a Microwave Reactor, 1994.
7. Suk-Bae Cha, A system for the removal of NOx, CO, hydrocarbon and dry particulate material from diesel engine exhaust gases, 1995.
8. Chang Yul Cha, Boris I. Kim, Electromagnetic enhancement of chemical reactions, University of Wyoming, 1993.
9. Carlos Ludlow-Palafox, Howard A.Chase, Microwave-Induced Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2001, 40, 4749-4756. |
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Microwave-Induced Pyrolysis of Waste Polystyrene in Motor oil
