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¸ñÂ÷ Introduction – Thermal noise
Introduction – Free space
Introduction – Multipath
Large-scale & Small-scale fading.
Small scale fading
Large-scale & Small-scale fading.
Reflection, diffraction, and scattering
Reflection
Diffraction
Scattering
Signal time-spreading and time-variant
Fading channel manifestations.
Large-scale & small-scale signal
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º»¹®³»¿ë Introduction Thermal noise
The Primary source of performance degradation is thermal noise generated in the receiver.
Thermal noise usually has a flat power spectral density over the signal band and a zero-mean Gaussian voltage probability density function(pdf).
Introduction Free space
The model of free space treats the region between the transmit and receive antennas as being free of all objects that might absorb or reflect radio frequency(RF) energy. Furthermore, the earth is treated as being infinitely far away from the propagating signal(or, equivalently, as having a reflection coefficient that is negligible).
Introduction - Free space (cont.)
In this idealized free-space model, the attenuation of RF energy between the transmitter and receiver behaves according to an inverse-square law.
The received power expressed in terms of transmitted power is attenuated by a factor, Ls(d), where this factor is called path loss or free space loss.
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