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¥°. Introduction 1
1. purposes of analysis 1
2. introduction of the novel 1

¥±. The main subject 2
1. Definition of culture-specific words 2
(1) Formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence(by Nida) 2
(2) Cutural Word(by Newmark) 3

2. Translation strategies of culture-specific terms 4
(1) Nida`s strategies 4
(2) Newmark`s strategies 4
(3) Baker`s strategies 6
(4) Venuti`s strategies 6
(5) Hervey and Higgins`s strategies 7
(6) Nico Wiersema`s strategies 8

3. Analysis of cultural items in the novel 10

¥². Conclusion 16

¥³. References 18
(1) Books
(2) Web sites

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¥°. Introduction
It is a significant to consider how a translator convey differences between source language culture and target language culture to readers when translating. This is because the response of the target reader is essentially like that of the original readers.
Some equivalent words or phrases of SL(source language) can be easily found in the TL(target language). However, differently from these, other words or phrases do not exist in the TL. In one country, it`s own food, clothes, or a lifestyle that have cultural color can be an example.

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There is no easy solution to translate cultural items. It depends on translator`s judgement, abilities, knowledge and the type of the original text.
Translators need fluent and accurate language skills for both target and source languages, but more importantly translators should have capability to convey right understanding and feeling for target readers the same as source readers`s.
¥³. References

Âü°í ÀÚ·á ( ÆÄÀϳ»¿¡ ±âÀçµÈ Âü°íÀÚ·á ¸ñ·ÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. )

  • Books:
  • -Teaching and Reseraching Translation/Basil Hatim/Pearson Education
  • -¹ø¿ªÀÇ Å×Å©´Ð(1996), ¾ÈÁ¤È¿ ÁöÀ½, Çö¾Ï»ç
  • -¸Åµð½¼ Ä«¿îƼÀÇ ´Ù¸®(1993), ·Î¹öÆ® Á¦ÀÓ½º ¿ù·¯ ÁöÀ½‧°ø°æÈñ ¿Å±è, ½Ã°ø»ç
  • -The Bridges of Madison County(1992), Robert James Waller, Warner books
  • -Theories of translation(1992), Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet, The University of Chicago.
  • -Translation, Power, Subversion(1996)/Alvarez, Roman and M.C.A. Vidal/Aixelá, J.F. ¡°Culture Specific Items in Translation¡±
  • -Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies(2001)/Baker, Mona/ London: Routledge.
  • -Translation and Conflict(2005)/Baker, Mona/London and New York: Routledge.
  • -¡°Culture in Translation and Translation of Culture Specific Items¡±(2004)/H. Minabad, Hassan/Translation Studies. 5,2. : 31-46
  • -Translation and Cultural change(2005)/Hung, Eva/Amsterdam : John Benjamins.
  • -Approaches to Translation(1981)/Newmark, Peter/Oxford: Pregamon Press.
  • -A Text Book of Translation(1988)/Newmark, Peter/Tehran: Adab.
  • Webpages:
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
  • http://endic.naver.com/
  • http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/getdocument.aspx?logid=5&id=669f2025-a827-4d3b-85d8-d15d1d00d9ce
  • http://www.translationdirectory.com/

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